A complete update of the highly acclaimed handbook with data on all neurotransmitters and the majority of neuromodulators. The coverage is now even more comprehensive, with 15% more entries on neuropeptides, "classic" neurotransmitters and related substances in a clear, alphabetical format. The methodological section has been expanded by 50% and now includes color figures, plus new chapters on genomics, proteomics, databases, microarrays, MALDI-TOF, neutrophins, FGF, endocannabinoids and neuroimaging. The text provides clearly structured information on the biosynthesis and degradation, localization, receptors, signal transduction pathways, and biological effects in the central nervous system, with all substances uniformly treated for an easy comparison of data. Furthermore, introductory chapters on receptors, transporters, and the blood-brain barrier make this an indispensable tool for researchers, teachers, and advanced students, as well as a must-have for every neuroscientist.
Indice testuale
Preface for the Second Edition. Preface for the First Edition. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Neuroactive Substances. 1.1.1 Neurotransmitters. 1.1.2 Neuromodulators. 1.2 Receptors and Transporters. 1.2.1 Ionotropic Receptors. 1.2.2 Metabotropic Receptors. 1.2.3 Receptor Regulation. 1.2.4 Transporters. 1.3 Distribution and Localization of Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators. 1.4 The Blood-Brain Barrier. 1.5 Volume Transmission and Wiring Transmission. 2 Methods. 2.1 Bio- and Radioisotope Assays. 2.2 Microdialysis and Electrochemical Detection. 2.2.1 Microdialysis. 2.2.2 Electrochemical Detection. 2.3 Chromatography. 2.3.1 Affinity Chromatography. 2.3.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography. 2.3.3 Proteomics: Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology. 2.4 Autoradiography. 2.5 Immunohistochemical Methods. 2.6 In situ Hybridization. 2.7 Staining and Neuroanatomical Tract Tracing. 2.8 Electrophysiology. 2.8.1 In vivo Recording. 2.8.2 In vitro Recording. 2.9 Behavioral Testing. 2.9.1 Classic Conditioning. 2.9.2 Operant Conditioning. 2.9.3 Further Behavioral Tests. 3 Neurotransmitters. 3.1 Acetylcholine. 3.1.1 General Aspects and History. 3.1.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 3.1.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 3.1.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 3.1.5 Biological Effects. 3.1.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurogenerative Diseases. 3.2 Dopamine. 3.2.1 General Aspects and History. 3.2.2 Differentiation and Localization of the Dopaminergic System. 3.2.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 3.2.4 Release, Re-uptake and Degradation. 3.2.5 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 3.2.6 Biological Effects. 3.2.7 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 3.3 --Amino Butyric Acid. 3.3.1 General Aspects and History. 3.3.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 3.3.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 3.3.4 GABA Transporters. 3.3.5 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 3.3.6 Biological Effects. 3.3.7 Neurological Disorders and Neurogenerative Diseases. 3.4 Glutamate and Aspartate. 3.4.1 General Aspects and History. 3.4.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 3.4.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 3.4.4 Transporters. 3.4.5 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 3.4.6 Biological Effects. 3.4.7 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 3.5 Glycine. 3.5.1 General Aspects and History. 3.5.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 3.5.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 3.5.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 3.5.5 Biological Effects. 3.5.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 3.6 Histamine. 3.6.1 General Aspects and History. 3.6.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 3.6.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 3.6.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 3.6.5 Biological Effects. 3.6.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 3.7 Norepinephrine. 3.7.1 General Aspects and History. 3.7.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 3.7.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 3.7.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 3.7.5 Biological Effects. 3.7.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 3.8 Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine). 3.8.1 General Aspects and History. 3.8.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 3.8.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 3.8.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 3.8.5 Biological Effects. 3.8.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4 Neuromodulators. 4.1 Adrenocorticotropic Hormone. 4.1.1 General Aspects and History. 4.1.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.1.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.1.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.1.5 Biological Effects. 4.1.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.2 Anandamide (Endocannabinoids). 4.2.1 General Aspects and History. 4.2.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.2.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.2.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.2.5 Biological Effects. 4.2.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.3 Angiotensin. 4.3.1 General Aspects and History. 4.3.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.3.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.3.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.3.5 Biological Effects. 4.3.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.4 Atrial Natriuretic Factor. 4.4.1 General Aspects and History. 4.4.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.4.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.4.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.4.5 Biological Effects. 4.4.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.5 Bombesin and Related Neuropeptides. 4.5.1 General Aspects and History. 4.5.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.5.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.5.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.5.5 Biological Effects. 4.6 Calcitonin and Calcitonin Gene-related Protein. 4.6.1 General Aspects and History. 4.6.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.6.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.6.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.6.5 Biological Effects. 4.6.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.7 Cholecystokinin. 4.7.1 General Aspects and History. 4.7.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.7.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.7.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.7.5 Biological Effects. 4.7.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.8 Corticotropin-releasing Factor. 4.8.1 General Aspects and History. 4.8.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.8.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.8.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.8.5 Biological Effects. 4.8.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.9 Dynorphin. 4.9.1 General Aspects and History. 4.9.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.9.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.9.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.9.5 Biological Effects. 4.9.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.10 Eicosanoids and Arachidonic Acid. 4.10.1 General and History Aspects. 4.10.2 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.10.3 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.10.4 Biological Effects. 4.10.5 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.11 Endorphin. 4.11.1 General Aspects and History. 4.11.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.11.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.11.4 Biological Effects. 4.11.5 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.12 Enkephalin. 4.12.1 General Aspects and History. 4.12.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.12.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.12.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.12.5 Biological Effects. 4.12.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.13 Fibroblast Growth Factors. 4.13.1 General Aspects and History. 4.13.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.13.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.13.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.13.5 Biological Effects. 4.13.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.14 Galanin. 4.14.1 General Aspects and History. 4.14.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.14.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.14.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.14.5 Biological Effects. 4.14.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.15 Ghrelin. 4.15.1 General Aspects and History. 4.15.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.15.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.15.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.15.5 Biological Effects. 4.15.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.16 Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone. 4.16.1 General Aspects and History. 4.16.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.16.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.16.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.16.5 Biological Effects. 4.16.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.17 Growth Hormone-releasing Hormone. 4.17.1 General Aspects and History. 4.17.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.17.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.17.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.17.5 Biological Effects. 4.17.6 Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 4.18 Hypocretin (Orexin). 4.18.1 General Aspects and History. 4.18.2 Localization Within the Central Nervous System. 4.18.3 Biosynthesis and Degradation. 4.18.4 Receptors and Signal Transduction. 4.18.5 Biological Effects. 4.18.6 Neurological Disorders and Neur
