Imaging in neurologia

L’opera, che consolida l’esperienza maturata nel corso di diversi anni di attività didattica, clinica e interventistica da parte degli autori, vuole essere uno strumento di studio, di consultazione e di approfondimento per il medico specializzando e per il professionista già formato nella convinzione che l’anatomia neurovascolare costituisca il presupposto imprescindibile per comprensione, interpretazione e trattamento delle patologie cerebrovascolari.L’approccio diagnostico e terapeutico è in continua trasformazione a seguito dell’evoluzione tecnologica delle metodiche di imaging e dello sviluppo delle tecniche microchirurgiche ed endovascolari. In tale contesto, la conoscenza anatomica richiesta al clinico e agli operatori non può più limitarsi a una descrizione statica o mnemonica delle strutture vascolari, ma deve divenire conoscenza anatomofunzionale, nella quale l’osservazione angiografica rappresenta uno degli strumenti più raffinati di lettura dell’anatomia encefalica.Ai fini didattici, il presente manuale adotta un’impostazione fondata sulle correlazioni anatomico-angiografiche, considerando il sistema circolatorio cerebrale come una vera e propria mappa dell’encefalo, segnata dai rapporti dei solchi corticali con arterie e vene superficiali e delle strutture profonde con arterie perforanti e vene profonde.Per perseguire questo obbiettivo molte immagini angiografiche sono state affiancate a disegni anatomici esplicativi e a immagini di risonanza magnetica della stessa regione e, quando è stato possibile, a preparati anatomici, con lo scopo di creare un dialogo visivo continuo tra morfologia e vascolarizzazione.In questa chiave di lettura, l’interpretazione angiografica diventa pensiero attento e riflessivo che, più di qualsiasi metodica diagnostica, meglio esprime la complessità dell’anatomia vascolare cerebrale. In tale contesto, le varianti anatomiche rappresentate in molte immagini angiografiche affiancate alla “disposizione classica” non possono essere più considerate semplici eccezioni morfologiche, ma configurazioni possibili dei rapporti tra strutture vascolari ed encefalo, espressione di equilibri emodinamici ed embriogenetici variabili, la cui conoscenza contribuisce a comprensione più completa, realistica e flessibile del circolo cerebrale.La finalità dell’opera non è, pertanto, la mera descrizione sistematica dell’albero vascolare encefalico, bensì la costruzione di una chiave interpretativa che consenta al lettore di trasformare l’immagine angiografica in una rappresentazione anatomotopografica dell’encefalo.

Prefazione“Dal segno ecografico alla diagnosi finale”. Questa è sempre stata la missione – e la visione – dei nostri manuali fin dal primo, pubblicato circa 15 anni fa, perché è così che va il processo diagnostico e non il contrario…In questo testo, dedicato all’encefalo fetale, abbiamo seguito la stessa filosofia che ci ha ispirato fin dall’inizio. Infatti, le domande che si pone quotidianamente sia il tirocinante/specializzando ma anche l’esperto di medicina fetale sono: “Quello che vedo è reale o solo un artefatto?”; e “La diagnosi è corretta?”. Tuttavia, per essere in grado di trovare la descrizione di un reperto ecografico anomalo in un libro di testo, generalmente si deve cercare la diagnosi definitiva… ma questa non è stata ancora fatta! Questa sensazione di disagio è stato il primo fattore che ci ha spinto a progettare i nostri volumi nel formato ormai ben noto, ovvero con un’ampia parte dedicata alle anomalie fetali” secondo la scansione ecografica”. Come nei testi precedenti dedicate a tutte le anomalie e, più recentemente, alle cardiopatie congenite, abbiamo cercato di descrivere, per tutti i principali piani ecografici, cosa può essere considerato normale e cosa no; in altre parole, come ogni particolare sezione ecografica può differire dal suo aspetto normale e quali sono le diagnosi corrispondenti.Sinceramente, viaggiando per il mondo e in tanti paesi europei ed extraeuropei, partecipando a molti congressi internazionali abbiamo incontrato colleghi in ogni paese che hanno elogiato l’utilità di questo layout, e molti di loro hanno riconosciuto la difficoltà della nostra routine quotidiana di ecografisti ed esperti di Medicina Fetale. In questo contesto, dobbiamo ammettere che ciò che ci fa sentire orgogliosi è che questi commenti sono stati ricevuti non solo da esperti ma anche, e soprattutto, da specializzandi appassionati e giovani medici. Ricevere un feedback così entusiasta è il carburante per il nostro cervello, e la spinta necessaria a fare di più…La medicina, e certamente la medicina fetale, evolve molto rapidamente. Il campo affascinante della Neurosonografia Fetale e dello studio delle malformazioni cerebrali è complesso e mutevole; inoltre, negli ultimi 3-5 anni vi è stato un vero e proprio boom per quanto riguarda questa sezione della diagnostica prenatale, con la pubblicazione di nuove linee guida internazionali sulla Neurosonografia. Pertanto, considerando anche la mancanza di testi dedicati in italiano, abbiamo deciso di preparare e pubblicare quello che speriamo diventi il testo di riferimento in Italia per la diagnosi in utero delle anomalie cerebrali congenite ed acquisite.Come negli altri manuali, l’iconografia è aggiornata e ricca, ed inoltre, considerando il ruolo importante (e complementare alla neurosonografia) che riveste la RM nello studio dell’encefalo fetale, abbiamo inserito numerose immagini relative a questa metodica, quando clinicamente rilevanti.In conclusione, ammettiamo anche che gli sforzi fatti per questa nuova pubblicazione hanno avuto un impatto significativo sulle nostre vite, in termini di tempo e concentrazione. Speriamo sinceramente che i nostri sforzi si manifestino attraverso i risultati e che il nostro testo possa essere ora considerato un riferimento nazionale.Vorremmo anche ringraziare tutti i colleghi in Italia ma anche in tutto il mondo che hanno elogiato i nostri manuali e ci hanno sostenuto e motivato nella pubblicazione di questo nuovo testo. Abbiamo fatto del nostro meglio per soddisfare le vostre aspettative e per tenere conto di suggerimenti e critiche. E rimaniamo in attesa di ulteriori suggerimenti e critiche… scusandoci sin d’ora per gli inevitabili errori – di battitura e concettuali – che potrebbero comunque essere ancora presenti.Dario Paladini, Paolo Volpe 

The only review book currently available in this complex field, Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine Board Review is an all-in-one, must-have resource for preparing for the neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic medicine, neurology, clinical neurophysiology and physical medicine and rehabilitation board exams. Focused, high-yield content is provided in a concise, readable manner without exhaustive or unnecessary detail, helping you make the most of your study time and efficiently prepare for exams and clinical practice. Questions and answers are written in board-style formats, including case scenarios, high-yield facts, and questions on waveforms, pathology, and ultrasound images Content covers all topics from the board exams, including genetics, clinical trials, and newly FDA-approved medications Explanations are provided for both correct and incorrect answers and include numerous supporting tables, diagrams, and images, in addition to specially highlighted content such as high-yield facts, mnemonics, and key points An ideal study resource for the ABPN and ABEM/AANEM neuromuscular electrodiagnostic medicine and clinical neurophysiology boards, as well as for physical medicine and rehabilitation boards and MOC exams, and during neuromuscular/EMG rotation and training

This volume in the best-selling "Case Review" series uses hundreds of case studies to challenge your knowledge of a full range of topics in brain imaging. With 170 brand new cases, new coverage of MRA, CTA, MR spectroscopy and multi-detectors and over 600 brilliant images, this is your ideal concise, economical, and user-friendly tool for self assessment in this specialty!

**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Neurosurgery** Combining informative, meticulously crafted prose with more than 4,000 high-quality images, Osborn's Brain, third edition, is a comprehensive, easy to understand, and visually stunning learning curriculum from highly esteemed author Dr. Anne G. Osborn. This fully revised edition provides a solid framework for understanding the complex subject of brain imaging, integrating relevant information from Dr. Osborn’s entire career of accumulated knowledge, experience, and interest in neuropathology, neurosurgery, and clinical neurosciences. While neuroradiologists will find intriguing, thought-provoking insights included especially for them in every chapter, Osborn’s Brain is an excellent review resource for physicians at all levels of expertise-from seasoned radiologists and neurosurgeons to new and senior residents or fellows. Combines essential anatomy with gross pathology and imaging, clearly demonstrating why and how diseases appear the way they do and helping readers think clearly about diagnoses, types of diagnoses, and the various pathologies that can affect the brain Guides readers through the “must know” aspects of neuroimaging and neuropathology (brain trauma, stroke, vascular lesions, etc.) before zeroing in on such topics as infections, demyelinating and inflammatory diseases, neoplasms, toxic-metabolic-degenerative disorders, and congenital brain malformations Provides state-of-the-art coverage on such topics as new brain tumor entities, the effects of emerging viral illness such as COVID-19 on the brain, and recently delineated/named diseases (e.g., HIV-associated CD8 encephalitis) Features more than 4,000 stunning, high-resolution radiologic images and 100+ detailed, full-color medical illustrations, all of which are annotated to describe the most clinically significant features; and includes robust, digital-only galleries that contain hundreds of additional images that further illustrate each chapter Includes up-to-date nomenclature based on the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors, Central Nervous System, including a complete revision, expansion, and updating of CNS neoplasms with new entities, revised grading criteria, diagnostic molecular pathology, and nomenclature Contains Dr. Osborn’s trademark summary boxes for a quick review of essential facts, signature graphics with additional radiological and pathologic correlations, and up-to-the-minute literature references Includes an eBook version?that enables you to access all text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud

Ideal for exam preparation and everyday clinical practice, Fetal, Neonatal and Pediatric Neuroradiology brings you fully up to date with recent advances in knowledge and image quality in this fast-changing field. World-renowned pediatric neuroradiologist Dr. Thierry A. G. M. Huisman, along with expert coauthors Drs. Stephen Kralik, Nilesh Desai, and Avner Meoded, utilizes an easy-to-read, quick-reference format of bulleted lists and high-quality images to enhance your understanding and help you quickly grasp and retain critical information. Balances state-of-the-art images and clinical features pertinent to the diagnosis in a bulleted format for quick reference and identification Includes more than 400 diagnoses encountered in pediatric, neonatal, and fetal neuroimaging, including brain, head, neck, spine, and metabolic disorders Features thousands of high-quality MRI, CT, ultrasound, and radiographic images An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud

Designed with the busy practitioner in mind, ExpertDDx: Brain and Spine, third edition, quickly guides you to the most likely differential diagnoses based on key imaging findings and clinical information. This superbly illustrated resource covers more than 275 of the top differential diagnoses across a broad spectrum of central nervous system diseases, presenting parallel groups of anatomically based differentials, generic imaging patterns, modality-specific findings, and clinically based differentials for each area. Now fully revised and up-to-date, this practical reference clearly guides you through useful, actionable differential diagnoses that lead to definitive findings in every area of the brain and spine. Presents multiple clear, sharp, succinctly annotated images for each diagnosis; a list of diagnostic possibilities sorted as common, less common, and rare but significant; and brief, bulleted text offering helpful diagnostic clues Reflects changes in 2021 WHO CNS tumor grading and nomenclature Contains newly identified entities, new differential diagnoses, and updated references Shows both typical and variant manifestations of each possible diagnosis Includes more than 7,000 high-quality print and online images Features updated genetic information now available in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) Separates adult and pediatric DDx lists for even faster reference Assists you in building either a definitive diagnosis from an imaging study or a carefully refined list of reasonable differential diagnoses Includes an eBook version that enables you to access all text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud

This book provides a comprehensive and concise, review of the fundamental concepts and clinical indications for Transcranial Doppler (TCD) imaging.  An overview of the physics of ultrasonography as it pertains to TCD is presented, as well as neuroanatomy and cerebrovascular physiology in healthy and diseased states.  Recommended protocols for neuroimaging are reviewed and serves as a guide for existing neurovascular laboratories and medical systems seeking to develop laboratories that are in need of a guide to establish their own protocols.  The most common, relevant and challenging clinical conditions where TCD is incorporated to assist with patient management are discussed.  In addition, chapters provide a framework for building a neurovascular laboratory, including necessary equipment, steps to obtain national accreditation by accrediting bodies, and reimbursement procedures for tests performed.  The book concludes with “clinical pearls” and“tricks of the trade”, which serve as a commentary to guide physicians and neurosonologists on best-practices for TCD acquisition and interpretation.

Perché un volume di neurosonologia? Perché interdisciplinare? Risposta alla prima domanda: perché si sentiva il bisogno di cod

The aim of this book is to educate and train practitioners in the safe and professional use of diagnostic ultrasound imaging in the visualization and interpretation of various cerebral conditions not only in neurointensive care, but also in the operating room and, in general, cardiothoracic and neurocritical care settings. It is chiefly intended for anaesthetists and intensivists with a basic knowledge of ultrasound physics, but also for neurosurgeons and neurologists. All chapters were coordinated by the Editors, with experiences in hands-on courses on Echography and Doppler of the Brain, and prepared by international experts. The book covers from basic principles to estimation of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion. The topics cover emergency department and prehospital brain US as part of POCUS and US multiorgan evaluation to general intensive care, neurointensive care and anesthesia, including special populations as pregnant and children and setting as LMIC. Clinical scenarios complete the book. An innovative and unique guide that equips readers to perform bedside and non-invasive assessments for a range of cerebrovascular diseases.

Gli innumerevoli e importanti cambiamenti in neuroradiologia sono stati tutti inseriti in questa seconda edizione del famoso v

La neuroradiologia ha avuto in questi ultimi decenni un enorme ampliamento delle possibilità diagnostiche, legate alla evoluzi

Develop a solid understanding of head and neck ultrasound with this practical, point-of-care reference in the popular Diagnostic Ultrasound series. Written by Dr. Anil T. Ahuja and other leading experts in the field, the second edition of Diagnostic Ultrasound: Head and Neck offers detailed, clinically oriented coverage of ultrasound imaging of the head and neck and includes illustrated and written correlation between ultrasound findings and other modalities. This wealth of up-to-date information helps you achieve an accurate head and neck ultrasound diagnosis for every patient. Explains how ultrasound is the first line of imaging for diseases of the thyroid and miscellaneous lumps in the neck, as well as its role in evaluating neck nodes and salivary glands Includes more than 1,000 high-quality images (many are new!) including shear wave elastography and strain images, complete with comprehensive annotations Correlates ultrasound findings with other modalities, including MR, CT, PET/CT, nuclear medicine scans, sialography and ultrasound elastography for improved understanding of disease processes and how ultrasound complements other modalities for a given disease Covers cutting-edge ultrasound techniques, including elastography and microvascular sonography Details the sonographic parameters allowing differentiation between tumor types of the parotid and thyroid glands Features Key Facts boxes for rapid review Lists expert differential diagnoses on various pathological disease patterns An ideal reference for radiologists, sonologists, sonographers, surgeons, endocrinologists, oncologists, and those who are training in these fields Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

Imaging in Movement Disorders: Imaging in Other Movement Disorders and Dementia, Volume 143 provides an up-to-date textbook on the use of imaging modalities across the spectrum of movement disorders and dementias. The book brings together lessons learned from neuroimaging tools in the content of movement disorders, including idiopathic and sporadic forms of Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Atypical Parkinsonism, Dystonia, Essential Tremor, and more. Specific chapters cover Neuroimaging Applications in Dystonia, Neuroimaging Applications in Essential Tremor, Neuroimaging applications in Restless Leg Syndrome, Neuroimaging Application in Tourette's Syndrome and TIC Disorders, Neuroimaging Applications in Functional Movement Disorders, and Neuroimaging Applications in Cerebellar Disorders. Addition sections cover Molecular Imaging of Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Impairment, Structural MRI in Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Impairment, Functional MRI in Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Impairment, Molecular Imaging of Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Structural and Functional MRI of Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Transcranial Sonography in Movement Disorders, Imaging transplantation in Movement Disorders, Hybrid PET-MRI Applications in Movement Disorders, amongst other topics.

Highly specialized structures, microanatomy of individual components, and overall structural density make the head and neck one of the most challenging areas in radiology. Imaging Anatomy: Head and Neck provides radiologists, residents, and fellows with a truly comprehensive, superbly illustrated anatomy reference that is designed to improve interpretive skills in this complex area. A wealth of high-quality, cross-sectional images, corresponding medical illustrations, and concise, descriptive text offer a unique opportunity to master the fundamentals of normal anatomy and accurately and efficiently recognize pathologic conditions. Contains more than 1,400 high-resolution, cross-sectional head and neck images combined with over 200 vibrant medical illustrations, designed to provide the busy radiologist rapid answers to imaging anatomy questions Reflects new understandings of anatomy due to ongoing anatomic research as well as new, advanced imaging techniques Features 3 Tesla MR imaging sequences and state-of-the-art multidetector CT normal anatomy sequences throughout the book, providing detailed views of anatomic structures that complement highly accurate and detailed medical illustrations Includes imaging series of successive slices in each standard plane of imaging (coronal, sagittal, and axial) Depicts anatomic variations and pathological processes to help you quickly recognize the appearance and relevance of altered morphology Includes CT and MR images of pathologic conditions, when appropriate, as they directly enhance current understanding of normal anatomy Contains a separate section on normal ultrasound anatomy of the head and neck Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices