Avian Influenza Virus, Second Edition aims to provide the essential methods used in working with animal influenza viruses, and to compile more advanced information that will guide the user in designing influenza studies. Influenza A viruses are among the most important pathogens for humans, food animals and companion animals. Research and diagnostics with animal influenza viruses are critical to animal health and it should be recognized that the needs and goals of animal agriculture and veterinary medicine are not always the same as those of public health. This volume sorts out the differences in the structure of the poultry, swine and equine industries, the biological differences of influenza virus from each animal group, and provides host, strain and lineage specific guidance and procedures. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Authoritative and accessible, Avian Influenza Virus, Second Edition seeks to serve both professionals and novices with its well-honed methodologies in an effort to further our knowledge of these important pathogens.
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Part I. General 1. Hemagglutination Assay for Influenza Virus Mary Lea Killian 2. Hemagglutination-Inhibition Assay for Influenza Virus Subtype Identification and the Detection and Quantitation of Serum Antibodies to Influenza Virus Janice. C. Pedersen 3. Neuraminidase-Inhibition Assay for the Identification of Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase Virus Subtype or Neuraminidase Antibody Specificity Janice. C. Pedersen 4. Reverse Genetics of Influenza Virus Chang-Won Lee 5. Immunohistochemical Staining of Influenza Virus in Tissues Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood Part II. Avian Influenza 6. A Brief Introduction to Avian Influenza Virus Erica Spackman 7. Wild Bird Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus Justin D. Brown, Rebecca Poulson, and David E. Stallknecht 8. Avian Influenza Virus Sample Types, Collection and Handling Mary Lea Killian 9. Avian Influenza Virus RNA Extraction Erica Spackman and Scott A. Lee 10. Avian Influenza Virus Detection and Quantitation by Real-Time RT-PCR Erica Spackman 11. Influenza Subtype Identification with Molecular Methods Erica Spackman 12. Avian Influenza Virus Isolation, Propagation and Titration in Embryonated Chicken Eggs Erica Spackman and Mary Lea Killian 13. Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Assay to Detect Antibodies to Type A Influenza Virus Terra A. Jenson 14. Detection of Influenza A Antibodies in Avian Serum Samples by ELISA Len Chappell, Mary Lea Killian, and Erica Spackman 15. Conducting Influenza Virus Pathogenesis Studies in Avian Species Carol Cardona, David A. Halvorson, Justin Brown, Jeffrey Hall, and Mary Pantin-Jackwood 16. Laboratory Methods for Assessing and Licensing Influenza Vaccines for Poultry David E. Swayne 17. Detection of Cell Mediated Immune Response to Avian Influenza Viruses Darrell R. Kapczynski 18. Characterization of Cytokine Expression Induced by Avian Influenza Virus Infection with Real-Time RT-PCR Darrell R. Kapczynski, Hai Jun Jiang, and Michael H. Kogut 19. Newcastle Disease Virus Detection and Differentiation from Avian Influenza Patti J. Miller and Mia Kim Torchetti 20. A Brief Introduction to Influenza A Virus in Swine Amy L. Vincent, Kelly M. Lager, and Tavis K. Anderson 21. Sample Types, Collection, and Transport for Influenza A Viruses of Swine Marie Culhane and Susan Detmer 22. Isolation of Swine Influenza Virus in Cell Cultures and Embryonated Chicken Eggs Jianqiang Zhang and Phillip C. Gauger 23. RNA Extraction from Swine Samples and Detection of Influenza A Virus in Swine by Real-Time RT-PCR Jianqiang Zhang and Karen M Harmon 24. Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay with Swine Sera Pravina Kitikoon, Phillip C. Gauger, and Amy L. Vincent 25. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Serum or Mucosal Isotype Specific IgG and IgA Whole Virus Antibody to Influenza A Virus in Swine Phillip C. Gauger, Crystal L. Loving, and Amy L. Vincent 26. Serum Virus Neutralization Assay for Detection and Quantitation of Serum Neutralizing Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Swine Phillip C. Gauger and Amy L. Vincent 27. Microneutralization Assay for Swine Influenza Virus in Swine Serum Pravina Kitikoon and Amy L. Vincent 28. Analyzing Swine Sera for Functional Antibody Titers Against Influenza A Neuraminidase Proteins Using an Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA) Matthew R. Sandbulte and Maryna C. Eichelberger 29. Antibody Secreting Cell Assay for Influenza A Virus in Swine Pravina Kitikoon, Crystal L. Loving, and Amy L. Vincent 30. In vivo Models for Pathotyping and Vaccine Efficacy for Swine Influenza Kelly M. Lager and Amy L. Vincent Part III. Equine Influenza 31. A Brief Introduction to Equine Influenza and Equine Influenza Viruses Thomas M. Chambers 32. Equine Influenza Diagnosis: Sample Collection and Transport Thomas M. Chambers and Stephanie E. Reedy 33. RNA Extraction from Equine Samples for Equine Influenza Virus Udeni B. R. Balasuriya 34. Type A Influenza Virus Detection from Horses by Real-Time RT-PCR and Insulated Isothermal RT-PCR Udeni B. R. Balasuriya 35. Equine Influenza Culture Methods Thomas M. Chambers and Stephanie E. Reedy 36. Equine Influenza Serological Methods Thomas M. Chambers and Stephanie E. Reedy
