Patients suffering from HIV/AIDS often experience chronic pain due to the many diseases and infections they pick up as a result of a weakened immune system. It interferes with their quality of life and physical functioning, impacts adherence to antiretroviral therapy and HIV primary care, and is associated with significant psychological/social distress and substance use disorders. Chronic Pain and HIV addresses all these complex issues that can influence pain care for the patient with HIV and acts both as a primer and a comprehensive review to define the field of chronic pain management. Using a clear, clinical approach, key topics include the following: * Musculoskeletal pain in individuals with HIV * Headache in individuals with HIV * Psychiatric comorbidities among individuals with HIV and chronic pain * Potential benefit and harm of prescription opioids in HIV * Pain at the end of life in individuals with AIDS * Treatment of chronic pain syndromes in the HIV-infected person.
Edited by an outstanding team with extensive experience in HIV/AIDS and pain/palliative care, every chapter is written by a world-famous expert in their field who provides a thorough review of the relevant literature, including the very latest in management guidelines from the leading international societies. Perfect for all those in primary care, as well as infectious disease specialists managing patients with HIV/AIDS, Chronic Pain and HIV provides sensible, straightforward clinical advice to ensure the best possible patient management.
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List of Contributors, vii 1 Hepatocytes 1 Jean-Francois Dufour and Joachim C. Mertens 2 Signaling pathways in biliary epithelial cells 15 M. Fatima Leite, Mateus T. Guerra, Viviane A. Andrade and Michael H. Nathanson 3 Stellate cells 34 Alessandra Caligiuri and Fabio Marra 4 Kupffer cells 61 Amirali Kiyani and Ekihiro Seki 5 Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells 73 Moira B. Hilscher Robert C. Huebert and Vijay H. Shah 6 Extracellular matrix 85 Scott L. Friedman 7 Platelets: a new cell type in liver physiology 97 Mickael Lesurtel and Pierre ]Alain Clavien 8 Immune cell communication in liver disease and liver regeneration 110 R. Harminder Boghal, B.F. Stephenson and Simon C. Afford 9 Extracellular vesicle RNA in liver disease 130 Tushar Patel and Hiroaki Haga 10 Endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 139 Fabienne Foufelle and Pascal Ferre 11 Autophagy 151 Hao Zhang, Bilon Khambu and Xiao ]Ming Yin 12 CXC chemokine receptor signaling in liver repair and regeneration 166 Gregory C. Wilson, Christopher M. Freeman, Hiroyuki Nojima and Alex B. Lentsch 13 Metabolic regulation of liver regeneration 174 Jiansheng Huang and David A. Rudnick 14 TNF signaling 186 Amrit Mann, Mark J. Czaja and Jorn M. Schattenberg 15 Fas/FasL 203 Maria Eugenia Guicciardi and Gregory J. Gores 16 Interferon signaling 214 Markus H. Heim 17 Endocannabinoid signaling in liver pathologies 226 Bostjan Humar and Nasser Semmo 18 The WNT/ ]catenin pathway 240 Satdarshan P. Singh Monga 19 Hedgehog signaling in the liver 262 Mariana V. Machado and Anna Mae Diehl 20 Notch pathway 275 Sonja Rothweiler and David Semela 21 PI3K/PTEN signaling in liver diseases 287 Alfredo Fort, Nicolas Calo, Dorothea Portius, Lucie Bourgoin, Marion Peyrou and Michelangelo Foti 22 mTOR signaling in liver disease 314 Marion Cornu, Gregoire de Caudron de Coquereaumont and Michael N. Hall 23 LKB1/AMPK pathway in the control of hepatic energy metabolism 326 Benoit Viollet and Marc Fortes 24 NF- B 339 Ekihiro Seki and David A. Brenner 25 c-Jun NH2 ]terminal kinases in liver diseases 348 Johannes Kluwe and Robert F. Schwabe 26 p53 364 Aundrietta D. Duncan, Wen ]Wei Tsai and Michelle Craig Barton 27 Sirtuins 374 Frank K. Huynh, Eoin McDonnell, Kristin A. Anderson and Matthew D. Hirschey 28 Bile acids and their receptors 385 Thierry Claudel and Michael Trauner 29 Hepcidin and iron 400 Chiara Vecchi and Antonello Pietrangelo 30 Gut microbiome and liver diseases 411 Herbert Tilg and Alexander R. Moschen 31 Epigenetic regulation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis 421 Jelena Mann and Derek A. Mann 32 Signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma 435 Adam Pennycuick and Augusto Villanueva 33 Interplay between hepatitis B virus and innate immune signaling pathways 448 Barbara Testoni, David Durantel and Fabien Zoulim 34 Signaling of hepatitis C virus 459 Joachim Lupberger, Nicolaas Van Renne and Thomas F. Baumert 35 Oxidative stress and signaling in the liver 469 Mitchell R. McGill, Yuchao Xie and Hartmut Jaeschke Index 000
