In its third edition, this text addresses basic and applied physiological properties of skeletal muscle in the context of the physiological effects from clinical treatment. Anyone interested in human movement analysis and the understanding of generation and control from the musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems in implementing movement will find this a valuable resource. A highlight color has been added to this edition's updated figures and tables, and the color plates section has been doubled, ensuring that all figures that need color treatment to clarify concepts receive this treatment. A new Clinical Problem feature uses concepts presented in each chapter in the context of a specific clinical case-for example, a spinal cord injury, a sports accident, or rehabilitation after bed rest.
CHAPTER 1: SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY Chapter Overview Educational Objectives Muscle Development Skeletal Muscle Cell Microstructure Whole Skeletal Muscle Structure Chapter Summary References CHAPTER 2: SKELETAL MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY Chapter Overview Educational Objectives Muscle Fiber Activation Skeletal Muscle Mechanics Muscle Fiber Types and Motor Units The Motor Unit Chapter Summary References CHAPTER 3: THE PRODUCTION OF MOVEMENT Chapter Overview Educational Objectives Muscle-Tendon Interaction Joint Moments Muscle-Joint Interaction during Isometric Torque Production Physiological Range of Motion Isokinetic Dynamometers Used in Physical Assessment The Gait Cycle Biomechanics of Biarticular Muscles Gait Cycle Timing at Increased Velocities Energy Expenditure during Gait Muscles as Springs Direct Force and Length Measurements during Locomotion Implications for Physical Therapy Chapter Summary References CHAPTER 4: SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATION TO INCREASED USE Chapter Overview Educational Objectives Adaptation to Chronic Electrical Stimulation Adaptation to Chronic Stretch Adaptation to Compensatory Hypertrophy Adaptation to Intermittent Electrical Stimulation Adaptation to Exercise Chapter Summary References CHAPTER 5: SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATION TO DECREASED USE Chapter Overview Educational Objectives Adaptation to Immobilization Remobilization after Immobilization Adaptation to Spinal Cord Transection Adaptation to Hindlimb Unloading Mechanism of Muscle Fiber Atrophy Adaptation to Aging Adaptation to Tenotomy Adaptation to Denervation Muscle Fiber Specificity to Reinnervation Chapter Summary References CHAPTER 6: SKELETAL MUSCLE RESPONSE TO INJURY Chapter Overview Educational Objectives Causes of Muscle Regeneration Morphology of the Degeneration-Regeneration Cycle Muscle Properties after Regeneration Clinical Application to Muscular Dystrophy Muscle Response to Exercise-Induced Injury Chapter Summary References CHAPTER 7: SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATION TO SPASTICITY Chapter Overview Educational Objectives Skeletal Muscle Spasticity Is Spasticity Increased Use or Decreased Use? Fiber-Type and Fiber Size Changes with Spasticity Biomechanical Studies of Spastic Limbs Muscle Fiber Length in Spastic Muscle Mechanical Changes in Spastic Muscle Tissue Summary and Future Directions References Index
