Clean root canal systems are essential for successful endodontic treatment. With contributions from leading endodontists from around the world, Dr. Nestor Cohenca here presents the etiology of endodontic disease caused by the endodontic biofilm and all therapies available to predictably disinfect the root canal system, thus increasing successful endodontic outcomes. Disinfection of Root Canal Systems: The Treatment of Apical Periodontitis is an evidence-based manual that describes root canal anatomy, the endodontic biofilm, and the role of disinfection before presenting the most up-to-date methods of irrigation and disinfection. Individual chapters are devoted to each method, such as positive pressure irrigation, apical negative pressure irrigation, sonic activation, photodynamic therapy, laser technology, and ozonization and electrochemical activation. Clinical photographs throughout show proper irrigation and disinfection techniques.
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Contributors vii Introduction ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Part 1: Background 1 1 Root Canal Infection and Endodontic Apical Disease 3 Nestor Cohenca and Ana Maria Gonzalez Amaro 2 The Anatomy of the Root Canal System as a Challenge to Effective Disinfection 15 Eric Herbranson 3 Biofilms in Root Canal Infections 29 Christine M. Sedgley and Rogerio de Castilho Jacinto 4 Efficacy of Root Canal Disinfection 57 Ashraf F. Fouad 5 Impact of Root Canal Disinfection on Treatment Outcome 71 James D. Johnson and Natasha M. Flake Part 2: Nonsurgical Intracanal Disinfection 89 6 Shaping the Root Canal System to Promote Effective Disinfection 91 Ove A. Peters and Frank Paque 7 Topical Disinfectants for Root Canal Irrigation 109 Bettina Basrani and Markus Haapasalo 8 Fluid Dynamics of Irrigation within the Root Canal System 141 Franklin R. Tay 9 Positive Pressure Irrigation 169 Cesar de Gregorio, Carlos Heilborn, and Nestor Cohenca 10 Apical Negative Pressure Irrigation (ANP) 189 Nestor Cohenca, Cesar de Gregorio, and Avina Paranjpe 11 Disinfection of the Root Canal System by Sonic, Ultrasonic, and Laser Activated Irrigation 217 Luc van der Sluis, Bram Verhaagen, Ricardo Macedo, and Michel Versluis 12 Ozonization and Electrochemical Root Canal Disinfection 239 Roberta Pileggi 13 Intracanal Medication in Root Canal Disinfection 247 Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva, Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva, Paulo Nelson-Filho, and Nestor Cohenca 14 Emerging Technologies in Root Canal Disinfection 277 Anil Kishen, Annie Shrestha, and Nestor Cohenca Part 3: Apical Response and Surgery 297 15 Healing of Apical Lesions: How Do They Heal,Why Does the Healing Take So Long, and Why Do Some Lesions Fail to Heal? 299 Zvi Metzger and Anda Kfir 16 Surgical Endodontics: The Complimentary Approach 319 Richard Rubinstein and Alireza Aminlari Index 341
