The Teaching Files: Brain and Spine

Part 1 Brain Section 1 Disorders of Brain Development Subsection 1.1 Disorders of Neural Tube Closure and Diverticulation 1 Anencephaly 2 Cephalocele 3 Atretic Cephalocele 4 Holoprosencephaly Subsection 1.2 Disorders of Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum 5 Agenesis of Corpus Callosum 6 Septo-optic Dysplasia 7 Cavum Septi Pellucidi and Cavum Vergae Subsection 1.3 Disorders of Neuronal Migration 8 Lissencephaly 9 Polymicrogyria 10 Gray Matter Heterotopia 11 Schizencephaly Subsection 1.4 Chiari Malformation 12 Chiari I Malformation 13 Chiari II Malformation Subsection 1.5 Disorders of the Posterior Fossa 14 Rhombencephalosynapsis 15 Joubert Malformation 16 Dandy-Walker Malformation 17 Mega Cisterna Magna Subsection 1.6 Disorders of the Pituitary Gland 18 Pituitary Aplasia 19 Pituitary Duplication 20 Posterior Pituitary Ectopia Subsection 1.7 Miscellaneous Disorders 21 Persistent Open Anterior Fontanelle 22 Porencephaly 23 Hydranencephaly 24 Optic Nerve Hypoplasia Section 2 Disorders of the Perinatal Period 25 Cephalhematoma 26 Caput Succedaneum and Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage 27 Periventricular Leukomalacia 28 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy 29 Kernicterus 30 TORCH infections Section 3 Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Childhood Subsection 3.1 Gray Matter Disorders 31 Hallervorden-Spatz Disease 32 Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Subsection 3.2 White Matter Disorders 33 Alexander's Disease 34 Canavan Disease 35 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease Subsection 3.3 Inborn Errors of Intermediary Metabolism 36 Propionic Acidemia 37 Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 Subsection 3.4 Lysosomal Diseases 38 Fabry Disease 39 Metachromatic Leukodystrophy 40 Krabbe Disease 41 Mucopolysaccharidoses Subsection 3.5 Mitochondrial Diseases & Peroxisomal Diseases 42 Kearns-Sayre Syndrome 43 MELAS 44 Leigh Syndrome 45 Classic X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Section 4 Phakomatoses/Neurocutaneous syndromes 46 Neurofibromatosis Type 1 47 Neurofibromatosis Type 2 48 Tuberous Sclerosis 49 Sturge-Weber Syndrome 50 Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome 51 Ataxia Telangiectasia 52 Neurocutaneous Melanosis Section 5 Seizures 53 Mesial Temporal Sclerosis 54 Hemimegalencephaly 55 Focal Cortical Dysplasia of Taylor 56 Epileptogenic Focus 57 Status Epilepticus Section 6 Intracranial Trauma 58 Non-accidental Trauma 59 Depressed Skull Fracture 60 Growing Skull Fracture 61 Pneumolabyrinth Secondary to Trauma 62 Epidural Hematoma 63 Subdural Hematoma 64 Contusion 65 Coup-contre-coup Injuries 66 Diffuse Axonal Injury Section 7 Intracranial Vascular Malformations: Congenital and Acquired Subsection 7.1 Arterial malformations 67 Carotid Agenesis 68 Persistent Trigeminal Artery 69 Familial Intracranial Aneurysm 70 Saccular Aneurysm 71 Mycotic Aneurysm 72 Dolichoectasia of Basilar Artery 73 Moya Moya Disease 74 Carotid Artery Dissection 75 Carotid Artery Stenosis 76 Fibromuscular Dysplasia 77 Subclavian Steal Phenomenon 78 Arteriovenous Malformation 79 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Subsection 7.2 Venous and other vascular malformations 80 Developmental Venous Anomaly 81 Cavernous Angioma 82 Cavernous Hemangioma of Septum Pellucidum 83 Familial Cavernous Angiomas 84 Capillary Telangiectasias 85 Arachnoid Granulations in Venous Sinuses 86 Venous Sinus Thrombosis 87 Cortical Vein Thrombosis 88 Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis 89 Vein of Galen Malformation Section 8 Stroke 90 Acute Arterial Infarction 91 Chronic Arterial Infarction 92 Lacunar Infarction 93 Watershed Infarction 94 Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome 95 Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) 96 Vasculitis 97 Bechet's Syndrome 98 Global Anoxic Injury 99 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome 100 Venous Infarction 101 Brain Death Section 9 Intracranial Hemorrhage Subsection 9.1 Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage 102 Intraparenchymal Hematoma, Benign vs Malignant 103 Hemorrhagic Conversion of Infarction 104 Hypertensive Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage 105 Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy 106 Remote Cerebellar Hemorrhage Subsection 9.2 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 107 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 108 Non-aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 109 Superficial Siderosis Section 10 Hydrocephalus and Pneumocephalus 110 Medial diverticulum of Lateral Ventricle 111 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 112 Non-communicating Hydrocephalus 113 Shunt-related Complications 114 Tension Pneumocephalus Section 11 Demyelinating Diseases 115 Multiple Sclerosis 116 Neuromyelitis Optica 117 Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesion 118 Susac's Syndrome 119 Marchiafava-Bignami Disease 120 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis 121 Acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis Section 12 Skull Lesions (Non-neoplastic) 122 Craniosynostosis 123 Bilateral Parietal Thinning Section 13 Intracranial Tumors Subsection 13.1 Tumors (and Tumor-Like Lesions) of the Scalp, Skull and Cranial nerves 124 Scalp Metastasis 125 Fibrous Dysplasia 126 Paget's Disease 127 Osteoma 128 Calvarial Hemangioma 129 Intradiploic Epidermoid 130 Ecchordosis Physaliphora 131 Clival Chordoma 132 Chondrosarcoma 133 Neuroblastoma Metastasis 134 Intraosseous Meningioma 135 Calvarial Metastasis 136 Schwannoma 137 Facial Nerve Hemangioma 138 Perineural Spread of Tumor Subsection 13.2 Tumors (and Tumor-like Lesions) of the meninges 139 Intracranial Meningioma 140 Intracranial Lipoma 141 Hemangiopericytoma 142 Meningeal (Dura and Leptomeningeal) Metastasis 143 Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Subsection 13.3 Lymphoma and Germ Cell Tumors 144 Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma 145 AIDS-Related Lymphoma 146 Secondary Central Nervous System Lymphoma 147 Intravascular Lymphoma 148 Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder 149 Granulocytic Sarcoma 150 Germinoma 151 Teratoma Subsection 13.4 Tumors (and Tumor-like Lesions) of the Sella and Suprasellar compartment 152 Pituitary Microadenoma 153 Diabetes Insipidus 154 Pituitary Macroadenoma 155 Pituitary Apoplexy 156 Pituitary Carcinoma 157 Rathke Cleft Cyst 158 Sella Miscellaneous: Sheehan's syndrome 159 Craniopharyngioma 160 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of Pituitary Stalk 161 Lymphocytic Hypophysitis 162 Hypothalamic Hamartoma 163 Optic Chiasmatic-Hypothalamic Glioma Subsection 13.5 Tumors (and Tumor-like Lesions) of the Pineal Gland 164 Pineal Cyst 165 Pineocytoma 166 Pineoblastoma 167 Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region 168 Hemochromatosis Subsection 13.6 Tumors of Neuroepithelial Tissue Sub-subsection 13.6.1 Astrocytic Tumors 169 Pilocytic Astrocytoma 170 Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma 171 Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma 172 Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma 173 Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma 174 Diffuse Astrocytoma 175 Anaplastic Astrocytoma 176 Brainstem Glioma 177 Glioblastoma 178 Butterfly Glioma 179 Multifocal Glioma 180 Gliosarcoma 181 Gliomatosis Cerebri Sub-subsection 13.6.2 Oligodendroglial and Oligoastrocytic Tumors 182 Oligodendroglioma 183 Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma 184 Oligoastrocytoma Sub-subsection 13.6.3 Ependymal Tumors 185 Subependymoma 186 Infratentorial Ependymoma 187 Cerebral Ependymoma 188 Anaplastic Ependymoma Sub-subsection 13.6.4 Choroid Plexus Tumors and Other neuroepithelial Tumors 189 Xanthogranuloma of Choroid Plexus 190 Choroid Plexus Papilloma 191 Choroid Plexus Carcinoma 192 Chordoid Glioma Sub-subsection 13.6.5 Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial Tumors 193 Lhermitte-Duclos Disease 194 Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma 195 Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor 196 Ganglioglioma 197 Central Neurocytoma Sub-subsection 13.6.6 Embryonal Tumors 198 Medulloblastoma 199 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor 200 Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Sub-subsection 13.6.7 Treatment-Related Changes of Tumors 201 Radiation Necrosis 202 Pseudoprogression Subsection 13.7 Cysts and Tumor-like conditions 203 Intracranial Epidermoid Cyst 204 Intracranial Dermoid Cyst 205 Colloid Cyst 206 Choroid Plexus Cyst 207 Choroid Fissure Cyst 208 Arachnoid Cyst 209 Neuroglial Cyst Section 14 Intracranial Infections Subsection 14.1 Prion diseases and Viral Infections 210 Prion Disease 211 Herpes Encephalitis 212 West Nile Encephalitis 213 Rasmussen's Encephalitis 214 Cerebellitis Subsection 14.2 HIV and HIV-related Infections 215 HIV Encephalitis 216 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy 217 Cryptococcosis 218 Toxoplasmosis 219 Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Subsection 14.3 Bacterial Infections 220 Lyme Disease 221 Subdural Empyema 222 Pyogenic Abscess 223 Pyocephalus 224 Listeria Encephalitis 225 Mycob