Learn how to "read" the optic fundus: - What tests are indicated? - How do I interpret the findings? - What is the next step? This book guides you quickly and confidently from finding to diagnosis. Practice-oriented - Organized by presentation - Systematic listing of diagnoses for each presentation - Sidebars with a brief summary of the signs and symptoms for each diagnosis - Quick reference and study guide in one Comprehensive - Describes various examination methods - Covers even rare findings - Differential diagnosis - Figures to illustrate each diagnosis - Notes on appropriate treatment Confidence - Learn to take prompt, goal-directed action. - Apply various diagnostic options appropriately and economically. - Gain confidence in dealing with equivocal findings.
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Examination Methods History Function Tests Ophthalmoscopy Objective Imaging and Image Interpretation Electrophysiologic Testing Ultrasonography Biopsy Procedures 3 Findings in Diseases of the Retina and Choroid Focal or Spotty Retinopathies Prominence of the Macula Proliferative Changes, Scars, and Holes in the Macula Depigmented and Pigmented Macular Lesions Patchy Macular Dystrophy Patchy, Yellowish-White, Exudative Retinopathies Scattered Pigmentary Changes with Patchy Areas of Retinal and Choroidal Dystrophy Peripheral Lesions in the Retina and Choroid Retinal Detachment Retinal Tumors 4 Vascular Changes Ophthalmoscopic Structure of the Fundus Vessels Variations in the Course of the Retinal Vessels Pathologic Vessels in the Retina Rarefied and Straight Vessels Constricted Arterioles and Congested Veins Hemorrhages, Cotton-Wool Patches, Hard Exudates, and Retinal Edema Capillary Aneurysms, Hard Exudates, Hemorrhages, and Neovascularization Diseases with Predominant Retinal Hemorrhage Peripheral Neovascularization of the Retina Perivascular Infiltrates, Obliterative Vascular Changes, and Retinal Hemorrhages in Inflammatory Vascular Diseases 5 Findings in Diseases of the Vitreous Features of Vitreous Opacities and Specific Examinations Leukokoria Blood Vessels in the Vitreous Small Vitreous Opacities Diffuse Vitreous Opacities Large Vitreous Opacities 6 Findings in Diseases of the Optic Nerve Blurring, Hyperemia, and Swelling---Papilledema Pale, Often White, Sharp-Edged Papilla at the Level of the Fundus---Optic Atrophy Excavations of the Optic Nerve Anomalous Tissue On and Adjacent to the Papilla 7 Diseases with No Conspicuous Fundus Changes Floaters Unilateral Visual Deterioration in Children---Amblyopia Acute Visual Deterioration with a Normal Papilla Defective Color Perception Incipient Tapetoretinal Degeneration Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB) Night Blindness with an Hereditary Retinol-Binding Protein Deficiency Malingering Psychic Blindness List of Abbreviations Bibliography Systematic Listing of Diseases of the Optic Fundus Subject Index
