Featuring contributions from internationally recognized experts in point-of-care sonography, Emergency Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Second Edition combines a wealth of images with clear, succinct text to help beginners, as well as experienced sonographers, develop and refine their sonography skills. The book contains chapters devoted to scanning the chest, abdomen, head and neck, and extremities, as well as paediatric evaluations, ultrasound-guided vascular access, and more. An entire section is devoted to the syndromic approach for an array of symptoms and patient populations, including chest and abdominal pain, respiratory distress, HIV and TB coinfected patients, and pregnant patients. Also included is expert guidance on administering ultrasound in a variety of challenging environments, such as communities and regions with underdeveloped healthcare systems, hostile environments, and cyberspace. Each chapter begins with an introduction to the focused scan under discussion and a detailed description of methods for obtaining useful images. This is followed by examples of normal and abnormal scans, along with discussions of potential pitfalls of the technique, valuable insights from experienced users, and summaries of the most up-to-date evidence. Emergency Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Second Edition is a valuable working resource for emergency medicine residents and trainees, practitioners who are just bringing ultrasound scanning into their practices, and clinicians with many years of sonographic experience.
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List of Contributors x About the Companion Website xvii Introduction: What is Point-of-Care Ultrasound? 1James A. Connolly, Anthony J. Dean, Beatrice Hoffmann and Robert D. Jarman Part 1 Physics 5 1 How Does Ultrasound Work? 7Heather Venables Part 2 Ultrasound by Region 13 Thorax 14 2 Evaluation of the Chest Wall, Pleura and Lung 15Gebhard Mathis and Anthony J. Dean 3 Point-of-Care Ultrasonography of the Thoracic Aorta 32R. Andrew Taylor and Christopher L. Moore 4 Anatomy/Ultrasonography of the Heart 39Conn Russell 5 Basic Point-of-Care Echocardiography: Interpretation and Haemodynamic Assessment 47Craig Morris 6 Beyond Basic Point-of-Care Echocardiography 56Sean Bennett Abdomen 69 7 Ultrasound Assessment of the Abdominal Aorta in the Acute Setting 71Simon Richards 8 Focussed Assessment with Sonography in Trauma The FAST Exam 83Rajat Gangahar 9 Advanced Gastrointestinal Ultrasound: Identifying Appendicitis, Pneumoperitoneum, Intussusception and Diverticulitis 101Beatrice Hoffmann and Sara Damewood 10 Intravascular Volume Assessment by Ultrasound Evaluation of the Inferior Vena Cava 115Anthony J. Dean 11 Emergency Ultrasound in First-Trimester Pregnancy 126Andrew M. Kestler and John L. Kendall 12 Second- and Third-Trimester Pregnancy 143Elena Skomorovsky, John Gullett and David C. Pigott 13 Gynaecological Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine: The Non-Pregnant Female Patient with Abdomino-Pelvic Pain 152Martha Villalba and Michael Lambert 14 Focused Hepatobiliary Ultrasound 162Resa Lewiss 15 Renal Ultrasound 175Lisa Munro Davies 16 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Acute Scrotum 194J. Matthew Fields Extremities 203 17 The Lower Limb and the Upper Limb 205David Lewis and John Gullett 18 Ultrasonography of Deep Venous Thrombosis 221Joshua S. Rempell and Vicki E. Noble 19 Transcranial Doppler 233John Gullett 20 Ocular Ultrasound 241Anumeha Singh and Dietrich von Kuenssberg Jehle 21 Airway/Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Sonography 251Barton Brown and Srikar Adhikari Part 3 Paediatrics 259 22 Paediatric Musculoskeletal Point-of-Care Ultrasound 261Paul Atkinson and Peter Ross 23 Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care 270Mahmoud A. Elbarbary 24 Paediatric Abdominal Ultrasound 280Jennifer R. Marin Part 4 Adjunct to Practical Procedures 287 25 Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access 289Nova L. Panebianco 26 Pericardiocentesis, Paracentesis and Thoracentesis 296David B. Richards 27 Suprapubic Aspiration and Catheterisation 302Fernando Silva 28 Ultrasound in the Management of Fractures 307Paul Atkinson and Peter Ross 29 Ultrasound-Guided (USG) Peripheral Nerve Block (PNB) 314Jens Borglum and Kenneth Jensen 30 Foreign Body and Abscess 331Erskine J. Holmes 31 Ultrasound of the Airway 337Christopher T. Wall, Seth R. Strote, Liberty V. Caroon and Robert F. Reardon Part 5 Syndromic Approach 347 32 Chest Pain and Dyspnea 349Lawrence A. Melniker 33 Bedside Ultrasound as an Adjunct in the Evaluation and Management of Critically Ill Patients 355Anthony J. Dean and Sarah A. Stahmer 34 Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Resuscitation and Cardiac Arrest: The FEEL Protocol 371Elena Costantini, Peter M. Zechner, Frank Heringer, Colleen Cuca, Felix Walcher and Raoul Breitkreutz 35 Non-Invasive Haemodynamics 375Erik Sloth, Christian Alcaraz Frederiksen and Peter Juhl-Olsen 36 Doppler Assessment of Haemodynamics 379Brendan E. Smith and Veronica M. Madigan 37 Algorithmic Bedside Approach to the Major Trauma Patient in Extremis 386Robert Arntfield and Andrew W. Kirkpatrick 38 A Syndromic Approach with Sonography to the Patient with Abdominal Pain 392Jonathan Fischer and Pablo Aguillera 39 A Syndromic Approach to the Pregnant Patient 400Joseph Wood 40 The Use of Ultrasound in Evaluating Dyspnoea/Respiratory Distress in Infants and Children 404Roberto Copetti and Luigi Cattarossi 41 Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Human Immune-Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) Co-Infection: The FASH Scan 410Hein Lamprecht 42 Fever and Ultrasound 418Gabriel Simon and Beatrice Hoffmann Part 6 Different Environments 423 43 The Role of Ultrasound in Pre-Hospital Care 425Tim Harris, Adam Bystrzycki and Stefan M. Mazur Appendix A1: Selected Protocols for Cardiac and Critical Care Ultrasound 440 44 Use of Ultrasound in Extreme or Hostile Environments (Online only) 454Kenton Anderson 45 Setting Up an Ultrasound Programme in Underdeveloped Healthcare Systems (Online only) 462Hein Lamprecht and John Sloan Part 7 Administration (Online only) 471 46 Best Practice and Future Developments in Point-of-Care Ultrasound (Online only) 473Robert D. Jarman 47 The Role of Phantoms and Simulation in Teaching Ultrasound Skills in Emergency Medicine (Online only) 479Mike Wells and Lara Goldstein 48 Ultrasound in Undergraduate Medical Education (Online only) 487Richard A. Hoppmann 49 Departmental Implementation: Setting up an Ultrasound Training Programme for Medical Students - Experience of Two Universities (Online only) 493David C. Wherry and Mark W. Bowyer 50 Future of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (Online only) 503Michael Blaivas Appendix A2: Normal Ultrasound Values (Online only) 506Phil Johnstone Index 511
